Ethereum’s Evolution in 2022
In 2022, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin faced a pivotal inquiry regarding the future of the blockchain: was it possible to replace a core element with something safer and simpler? At that time, the consensus was that it was unfeasible. Fast forward to today, and significant progress has emerged that could reshape Ethereum’s architecture.
Data Availability Sampling
To enhance its capacity for users and transactions, Ethereum is implementing a method known as data availability sampling (DAS). This innovative technique allows for verification of data without requiring the entire dataset to be downloaded, streamlining the process for users.
Challenges with KZG Commitments
Historically, Ethereum relied on KZG commitments, a complex system designed to verify the accuracy of data while concealing it from unnecessary exposure. However, this approach is not without its vulnerabilities; KZG demands a robust and singular setup procedure, where participants contribute random data. A malfunction in this setup could jeopardize the integrity of the entire mechanism. Although the largest and safest trusted setup to date has been executed with over 141,000 participants, many experts remain skeptical about relying on such trust-based systems.
Innovating with FRIEDA and Mikan
In light of these weaknesses, a recent research paper has introduced a revolutionary alternative that emphasizes simpler mathematical verifications over intricate mechanisms. This has led to the creation of FRIEDA, a new blockchain data verification method designed to eliminate the need for trust entirely. Additionally, a broader initiative called Mikan has been developed to enhance data management for blockchains, particularly for newer technologies such as rollups or extensions that augment Bitcoin’s functionality.
Mikan distinguishes itself by not requiring any trusted setups, integrating seamlessly with zero-knowledge technologies, and being bandwidth-efficient for smaller devices. If this approach proves successful, it could pave the way for more accessible, fair, and secure blockchain systems, reducing reliance on trust not only for Ethereum but also for Bitcoin and other blockchain networks in the future.
